Famous Temples In Chiang Mai: Famous Temples In Chiang Mai: Famous Temples In Ch...

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FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Transverse Frontal Line

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Transverse Frontal Line: "Who is the best candidate for this procedure? Individuals who are physically fit and healthy who has a problem with transverse frontal frow..."

FAQS About Transverse Frontal Line

Who is the best candidate for this procedure?

Individuals who are physically fit and healthy who has a problem with transverse frontal frown line due to aging.

How is surgery performed?

The procedure performed is the same with brow lift or forehead lift.

What will I expect after surgery?

It is important to keep the head elevated for several days in order to minimize postoperative swelling. Some numbness and temporary discomfort may persist around the incision for several days, but this can be controlled with pain medication. The bruising and swelling that does occur will usually subside considerably in the first week. Bandages will come off a day or two after brow lift surgery. Stitches from the surgery are removed during the first two weeks, though this varies from patient to patient.

What are the risks and possible complication?

Complications from surgery are rare, and are usually not severe. The primary risk, as with any surgical procedure, is infection. Skin and nerve damage are also risks to consider.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Total Facelift

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Total Facelift: "Who is the candidate? Full facelift is recommended for people above 40 years old who have signs of aging by removing excess fat and tighten..."

FAQS About Total Facelift

Who is the candidate?
Full facelift is recommended for people above 40 years old who have signs of aging by removing excess fat and tightening underlying muscles. Full facelift will help restore the skin of your face and neck.  Full facelift includes mid-face lift, forehead lift, and neck lift.

How long should I stay in Thailand for Full Facelift?
A patient should stay in Thailand at least 10-14 days to complete a whole process. On an arrival day in Thailand, a patient should stay in a hotel to relax from a long flight and have a surgery on the following day. Full facelift will require 4 night stays in the hospital. Post operative check up and stitches removal will be done 7-10 days after the surgery.

How is surgery performed?
Full facelift will be done under General Anesthesia and takes 3-4 hour’s average. The incision of full facelift will begin above the hairline at the temple area, brought in front of the ear and looping behind the ear lobe and along the lower scalp. In full face lift the neck and face will be tightened altogether. The exact placement of incisions is determined upon the actual examination of facial structure. The patient may opt to do chin liposuction to enhance the result.

 Will anesthesia be used?
Yes, full facelift is performed under General Anesthesia.

 What is the post-surgical care?
After the surgery, a patient will have to use cold compress for 2 days and avoid lying with the cheeks in contact with bed or pillow for 1 month to prevent hematoma formation. Some numbness may persist for 3-6 months. The patient should avoid any strenuous activities for at least 4-6 weeks following surgery.  This will give the body ample time to adjust as it continues on the healing process.

How will the scar looks?
After the surgery, a patient will have to use cold compress for 2 days and avoid lying with the cheeks in contact with bed or pillow for 1 month to prevent hematoma formation. Some numbness may persist for 3-6 months. The patient should avoid any strenuous activities for at least 4-6 weeks following surgery.  This will give the body ample time to adjust as it continues on the healing process.

 What are the possible risks and complications?
Scars are usually hidden by hairline or in the natural creases of face and ears. They will fade and scarcely be visible.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Lipofilling Of Labia Majora

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Lipofilling Of Labia Majora: "What is meant by fat injections? It is the procedure where excess fat is removed from areas such as the abdomen, flanks, hips or thighs and,..."

FAQS About Lipofilling Of Labia Majora

What is meant by fat injections?

It is the procedure where excess fat is removed from areas such as the abdomen, flanks, hips or thighs and, after special preparation, injected into areas of the body that need filling. The surgeon specializes in the use of the micro fat grafting technique. The process requires gentle fat removal using low-vacuum liposuction and the use of thin, delicate, non-traumatic cannulas to protect the survival of each harvested living fat cell. The fat cells are then purified and slowly injected through tiny skin incisions into the tissue of the recipient site utilizing a small syringe and cannula. Tiny droplets are placed throughout the tissues assuring that each transferred fat cell will have an adequate blood supply to achieve the permanent survival of the injected fat cells.

What is the indication why fat transfer to the labia major?

As women age, after childbirth or with weight gain or loss, this area can change, becoming enlarged or have redundant skin. In some women with aging the labia majora may undergo a significant atrophy and the dermis under the skin thins out. As a result of these changes the labia majora becomes flat, saggy, wrinkled, and darkened. The surgeon can drastically rejuvenate the labia majora with micro fat grafting. The fat injections add fat to the areas beneath the skin, creating fullness where needed that results in a lasting, youthful appearance of the labia majora.

How is the fat transfer procedure performed?


Fat is harvested through a small incision made in the planned donor area. For instance, fat taken from the abdomen involves the use of a small incision made within the umbilicus (belly button). The fat is harvested using specialized liposuction techniques. Narrow liposuction cannulas that are specifically engineered for use in fat transfer allow for gentler removal of the fat. In most cases, suction is created using a hand-held liposuction device rather than the normal suction machine. Using the hand-held liposuction device, the fat is less likely to be damaged by undue negative suction pressure and more likely to survive.
Once removed, the fat is then cleansed and concentrated using a special technique that minimizes potential damage to the fat cells. The fat is placed into individual syringes and injected using a micro-injection technique. This technique involves the use of specialized injection cannulas that are approximately 1mm in width. The fat is deposited into the area of concern using literally hundreds of different droplets of fat dispersed along multiple tissue layers. This micro-injection technique of fat transfer maximizes the chances that the fat being placed will have an optimal blood supply to survive. In most cases, more than enough fat is placed in each area (termed overcorrection). This is done because of the fact that some degree of fat resorption will take place over the following weeks. It is somewhat difficult to predict just how much fat will be lost in any particular patient. Due to this fact, most patients require a series of fat transfer sessions to ultimately achieve the desired level of augmentation.

Are there risks or complications with fat transfer?
Though all types of surgery carry potential risks, fat transfer is a relatively safe procedure. In rare cases, patients may note lumping of the fat in a particular area which is often more a reflection of the body’s healing process rather than a technical issue with the procedure. If this occurs, gentle massage may help to smooth the contour. Alternatively, steroid injections and/or lipodissolve injections may provide additional benefit.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: Chin Contouring

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: Chin Contouring: "What will the scars look like? The incision used for this facial feminization surgery is only one and is usually made along the bottom gum..."

Chin Contouring

What will the scars look like?

The incision used for this facial feminization surgery is only one and is usually made along the bottom gum, between the teeth and the lower lip. The scar results then completely invisible. If it was made under the chin, which is rare, the resulting scar will be very small and it will be concealed by the natural fold of the area. If a complementary facial liposuction is needed to add definition to the chin shape, a couple of very little punctures (2mm) will remain for several months and then vanish.

What are the risks and complications involved in a chin contouring surgery?

Every surgery, no matter how simple it may be, has certain risks, and we should not rule them out. However, it is unlikely for a chin feminization surgery to present any complications when performed by a qualified facial surgeon.

                  Adverse reactions to anesthesia.

                 Asymmetry. Even though the surgeon marks very carefully the areas he is going to operate, there may be asymmetries.

                Infections, although they are very unusual if you take the right antibiotics

   Nerve damage.

                 If a sliding genioplasty surgery is performed, a notch could result noticeable where the bone knits together.

                  If a silicone chin implant is used, it can rotate and get misplaced, which a needs a second surgery for correction

What will I expect after surgery?

When you leave the operating room a compression bandage or a facial garment will be covering your lower face. It will probably be removed one day later. If the chin contouring was performed as a part of a full facial feminization surgery, then the bandage could be left in place longer.
Unlike facial surgery on other areas, chin surgery involve the gums, so you will have to be on a liquid diet during the first one or two days, and then you will pass to a soft diet. It will be very important for you to take care of the hygiene of the wound on your bottom gum until it heals to avoid the proliferation of bacteria inside the mouth. Washing your mouth with an antiseptic mouthwash will help.
If you don’t mind being seen with facial swelling, you may be able to return to your social activities a week after the chin contouring surgery. You will have to wait until the second or third week before doing any hard work or physical exercise.
Sleeping with your head elevated during the first days can favor the healing process, especially if a full Facial Feminization was performed. Ice packs are very useful during the first days.
During the first weeks some patients tend to suffer from depression. You may find it difficult to come to terms with your new look and you may even feel that having facial feminization surgery was a big mistake. But don’t worry: most of the people who today are happy and satisfied with their results have also gone through that phase.

What are the indications of chin augmentation?

Indications for Chin Contouring Surgery
a. To improve chin contour whether it is too large or too small for one’s face.
b. To achieve a natural, more proportionate chin.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Forehead Contouring

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Forehead Contouring: "What is forehead contouring? Forehead contouring is a cosmetic surgery involving a patient’s forehead area from the upper eyebrow to the sc..."

FAQS About Forehead Contouring

What is forehead contouring?

Forehead contouring is a cosmetic surgery involving a patient’s forehead area from the upper eyebrow to the scalp line and from one side to the other of the head. When a patient is undergoes a forehead contouring surgery, the earlier mentioned facial area is made slightly smoother and less protrusive.

What influence does the forehead have on one’s appearance?

The forehead is a very prominent and visible facial area. While it is not the most dominant facial feature, it does have an influence on one’s appearance in numerous ways.

The forehead does have an influence on gender appearance. In men, the brow ridge (bossing or prominence above the eyes) is stronger and the forehead angles more steeply away from the eyes. In women, the forehead does not have a prominent brow ridge, tends to be more round, and angles more vertical above the brow rather than more backward sloping as in men.

A forehead can often be seen as too ‘big’ because of the distance between the eyebrows and the frontal hairline. When more than 6.5 cms exists between the two, the forehead will look elongated or large. This may be the result of frontal hairline recession in men or the natural position of the hairline in women.

How is forehead reshaping done?

Changing the shape of the forehead can be done in three ways. Brow ridge (bossing) reduction, brow ridge augmentation, or altering the slope or shape of the forehead between the brow bone and the top of the skull under the hairline are the common changes requested.

They all share one common theme, the need to use a coronal or scalp incision for access to do the procedure. This is a more significant aesthetic consideration in men. Surgically changing the brow bone uses different techniques depending upon whether one is reducing or building it up. While some minor bone alterations may be able to be done endoscopically (from above) or through the upper eyelids (from below), major changes require the liberty of unfettered access by the turn down of a scalp flap.

How is brow bone augmentation done?

Building up a deficient or over-reduced brow ridge requires the use of synthetic materials which are added on top of the bone. The two most commonly used cranioplasty materials are acrylic (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite. (HA) Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages and either one can work in experienced hands.

PMMA incurs less cost to use and has a very high impact resistance. HA is more expensive with a lower impact resistance to trauma. Both can be impregnated with antibiotics and shaped during the procedure. How much material to add and where to place it is very much like sculpting and requires a thorough discussion before surgery with the patient.

Solid implants composed of silastic, Gore-tex, or Medpor, can also be used. They require more effort at shaping and must be held in place with tiny titanium screws. Their cost is intermediate between PMMA and HA.

Can other areas of the forehead be reshaped besides the brow bone?

The forehead (frontal bone) between the brow ridge and the front of the hairline can also be reshaped. It can be made flatter, more round, narrower, or wider. Changes can be done in either profile, width, or both. This is done through either burring of the prominent areas, adding material on deficient areas, or a combination of both.

What is the recovery after forehead reshaping? What complications can occur?

Aesthetic forehead surgery is usually done as an outpatient procedure. Depending upon what other procedures may be done with it, it may require an overnight stay in the surgical facility. A wrap-around forehead dressing is put on at the end of surgery and is removed the next day. In some cases, a drain may be removed (not commonly) and it is removed the next day also. Ther6e is some mild pain afterward but much of the forehead skin will be numb for awhile. Pain is easily controlled by pills. There will be some swelling afterwards which is driven downward by the dressing and gravity which affects the eyes and upper cheeks. It is most evident by two days after surgery and is largely gone within seven to ten days after surgery. Most patients return to work in two to three weeks. absorbable sutures are used in the scalp so there is no need for suture removal. One can return to working out in two weeks after surgery.

Complications of significance are very rare with forehead surgery. The forehead skin will be numb but normal feeling will return in most patients within six to eighty weeks after surgery. It is possible to not get back all of your feeling. The biggest concern is aesthetic…did we achieve what our goal was? Is the forehead contour smooth and even? Is it too much or too little?

What can I do if my forehead is too long?

Usually a long forehead is a female concern. It is evident when the distance between the eyebrows and the frontal hairline is aesthetically too long, usually greater than 6.5 or 7cms in length.

The length or size of the forehead skin can be reduced by scalp advancement (hairline lowering. This is conceptually a ‘reverse brow lift’. An incision is made at the frontal hairline and the scalp behind it is loosened and brought forward over the fixed forehead skin. The underlying forehead skin is then removed and the hairline closed in its new lower position. A frontal hairline can be advanced between 1 and 2.5 cms, which often makes for a significant difference.

How is forehead contouring performed?

Similar to a brow lift surgery, the forehead augmentation procedure involves the exposure of the entire relevant surgical area. Then the bone is identified and the specific area that is indented is located and noted. Following these steps, the surgery involves the insertion of a material which will contribute to giving a nice and smooth looking forehead. Also referred to as a “bony augmentation,” this procedure involves the use of a substance known as polymethylmetacrylate which is bone cement.

When bone cement is placed inside a patient’s forehead, it provides a permanent result. At no point in time do patients have to remove or amend the substance. However, if a patient makes the decision to have the bone cement removed from his or her forehead, this can be done, as well.

When bone cement is used on a patient, it will stick right on the bone and feel exactly like the bone. Consequently, patients will enjoy a smoother forehead and a more augmented look. For most patients, this is more desirable compared to a forehead that’s pushed in.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Male Breast Reduction

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Male Breast Reduction: "Am I a candidate for male breast reduction? The most important question you should ask yourself is: does the condition bother you both psyc..."

FAQS About Male Breast Reduction

Am I a candidate for male breast reduction?
The most important question you should ask yourself is: does the condition bother you both psychologically and physically?  Should the answer be positive, you should consider surgery and start to gather information that will help you make an intelligent decision while consulting with a Board Certified Plastic Surgeon who is experienced in this type of surgery, obtaining information from web sites and referrals.

Am I too young to have gynecomastia surgery?
In general, we recommend you wait until the age of 18 years. There are some circumstances where a person should consider it earlier. For this you will have to consult a Plastic Surgeon.

What results can I expect?
You should discuss this with your surgeon prior to surgery, and make sure you fully understand everything that is involved while keeping your expectations realistic.  Your experienced surgeon can help you with this.

How many procedures of this nature has the surgeon performed?  In a month, in a year, in his career?
If he has significant experience, it should be substantiated with good quality pre and post-operative photos as well as references.

What kind of scar should I expect?
Usually periareolar (about 1 inch scar in the lower part of the areola) that is generally inconspicuous. Sometimes, tiny scars remain in the armpit or chest after liposuction. Some people need more extensive procedures, and this should be discussed with your surgeon in detail prior to surgery.

Will I have pain that will require medication?
Usually pain is minimal, but since we want to make sure you will be comfortable, we do provide you with a prescription for pain medication.

What types of anesthesia do you offer?
Local anesthesia is determined based on the type of surgical procedure and the patient's tolerance. Sedation is not a general anesthesia, but the patient is asleep. This is the preferred method in my office because it is safe when done by an experienced Board Certified Anesthesiologist. General anesthesia is rarely needed in my office.

How should I prepare for the surgery?
Prior to surgery you should get detailed instructions from your surgeon's office.  Pre-operative testing is mandatory. You should stop medications such as blood thinner, aspirin, Advil, Vitamin E and herbal remedies such as St. John's Wort and Ginkgo Biloba. Do not eat or drink eight (8) hours prior to surgery. Arrive on the day of surgery in comfortable clothing that is not tight or confining. Have a responsible person accompany you to and from the doctor's office.

What type of dressing will I have?
My personal preference is an elastic (ACE bandage) or surgical vest. Sometimes gauze dressing is all that is necessary.

What can cause gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia can be caused by drugs, steroids or marijuana as well as other factors.  These should be discontinued prior to surgery to minimize recurrence.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Gluteal Augmentation

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Gluteal Augmentation: "When do I return to work, and when will I feel normal ? The recuperation period used to be three to four weeks; however, with the latest adv..."

FAQS About Gluteal Augmentation

When do I return to work, and when will I feel normal?

The recuperation period used to be three to four weeks; however, with the latest advancements in the technique the recuperation period has been greatly improved. The surgeon uses a combination of ice packs for the first 48 hours, special stretching exercises that the surgeon will explain to you, and the use of certain medicines that are given during and after surgery. Although it will take one month before you feel completely normal most patients are back to work in one to two weeks.

 
Do I need to wear any special garments after my surgery?

For your surgery you will receive prescriptions for pain, antibiotics, and for muscle spasms. After the surgery you will be asked to use ice packs or frozen peas over the buttock area for the next 48 hours, as well as start on your stretching exercises. The surgeon will place an abdominal binder around your buttock for pressure control and you will use this for about one week. The surgeon combines many of his gluteal augmentations with liposuction, this is what really accentuates the nice buttock contour, and if you do have liposuction then you will also be asked to wear a body garment for about 3-4 weeks.

When can I go back to the gym?

Returning to your routing exercise program will depend on how well you recuperate, on the average most patients are back at the gym in one month, however there have been patients that are able to return after only 3 weeks. You will need to start off slow and gradually increase your activities; your body will tell you your limitations. Expect to be sore the next morning and always remember your stretching exercises that the surgeon will give you.

How do the stretching exercises help? Won’t this create more pain and discomfort?

One of the biggest improvements in the recuperation period has been the addition of the stretching exercises. You will be able to understand this concept through an example below:

You are someone who enjoys working out, but you have not been able to exercise in a long time. When you finally return to the gym, the following day you find yourself to be sore and in pain. Well, what happens if the following day you decide not to return because you feel too much discomfort? Exactly, you will feel even more discomfort and the soreness persists and gets worse as the week progresses. However, what happens if you decided that even though you are sore you have made the commitment to return to the gym not matter what. Well, when you first start your exercise you are very sore, but as the work out progresses the muscle loosens up and the discomfort improve and almost goes away. It is the same principal with the gluteal augmentation, the quicker you stretch the quicker the muscle will relax and not go into spasm, tremendously improving your recuperation period. All our patients are encouraged to stretch immediately after surgery performing the exercise 5 times a day with a repetition of 5 times. 

When can I sit?

The patient can sit from the first day after the surgery for any of the bodily necessities, however sitting for prolonged periods of time i.e. watching TV, computer work, etc we suggest about one week. This takes the stress off of the suture line and allows for better wound healing. We recommend our patients to lie on their stomachs during leisure time and to sleep on their stomachs for one week you will also be wearing a garment for at least 2-3 weeks.

Will I be sitting on the implants?

This also is a very common question and the answer is - No. Please perform the following test with me. You are currently sitting so please take your hand and place it on the bottom part of you buttock, the part that you are sitting on. You will notice that this area is bony and it is called the ischial tuberosity. Well, keep your hand on this area and stand up. When you stand, you will notice that your hand is way down there and nowhere near your actual buttock. The implant is placed under the muscle and is way above this area so you are never sitting on the implant.

Won't the implant rupture, when I sit?

This is a very common question, unlike the silicone breast implants which are made of a silicone gel, which means that the gel of the implant can leak, rupture and ooze into the tissues, the buttock implant is made out of solid silicone, and so it cannot rupture or leak. This is the beauty of this implant; even though it is solid the feel of the implant is soft.

When someone touches your buttock it has a natural feel to it, it will feel like a firm buttock, like you have worked out vigorously for many years.

Are there any health issues with silicone?

There have been many studies made on the safety of silicone and to this date there is no evidence linking silicone to any autoimmune diseases or causing any medial problems. Most of the studies have been done on breast implants, the liquid silicone type. The solid silicone form has been used for years without any problems. For further review of silicone studies click here.

What are the complications of the procedure? What to do if a complication develops?

Like any surgical procedures, complications although as rare as they may be, still exist.
The Complications are:

1. Bleeding or Hematoma - This is a collection of blood around the implants. This can occur but it is extremely rare, if it does occur this would require exploration of the wound along with drainage of the hematoma and control of any bleeding if it is still present.
2. Infection - Again extremely rare, however if is this occurs the implant will need to be removed and you will have to take antibiotics that are specific to your particular infection. The implant can then be reinserted in about 3 months as long as the infection is cleared.
3. Capsular contracture - (hardening of the implant from excessive scaring). This is extremely rare with buttock augmentation; this problem is seen more often with breast augmentation. In the buttocks area because the implant is placed under the muscle and it is an area that is in constant motion, the capsule usually remains soft. However, if this were to occur, then one could try certain medicines like papavarine, vitamin E and indomethecin along with Ultrasound therapy to try and soften the capsule. Sometimes this form of therapy does not work and it may mean re-operating and even perhaps having to remove the implants.
4. Nerve damage or sensation changes in the leg - The specific nerve that we would be concerned about is the sciatic nerve. If this were the case then you may feel some pain, discomfort or electrical type shock that radiates down the leg. This is extremely rare since the implant is placed higher than where the nerve is located. If this occurs then we would try conservative therapy first to let the swelling and wound healing process take place. We could also add ultrasound therapy along with medical therapy, such as neurontin, Vitamin B 6 and B12. However if the problem persists then the implant may need to be removed. As we stated, this is a very rare problem, however what is more common, is that one may experience some temporary skin sensation changes, either numbness or sweating of the buttock area along with temperature changes in the buttock area the sensation of (feeling cool or warm). This usually resolves over a one to three month period, and it is usually from swelling. We could also add ultrasound therapy along with medical therapy, such as neurontin, Vitamin B 6 and B12. These will sometimes help, but consult with your physician first.
5. Displacement of the implant - In this scenario the implant moves to far down the buttock area or to far to the side. The reason why is because the implant dissects down the tissues and creates a bigger implant pocket. The correction would require either internal suturing of the capsule to make the implant pocket smaller or removal of the implant. If the implant is removed then we could place the implant back after 3 months.
6. Wound healing problems or Wound dehiscence - The wound may open up, requiring dressing changes until it heals. The area in which the incision is placed which is right down the center of the sacrum has tension and is in an area that is difficult to keep clean. Therefore in some patients minor wound problems develop, like the wound opens or has persistent drainage. This problem usually resolves on its own and it just a matter of letting time heal the wound.
7. Prolonged fluid drainage from the incision site - This usually is localized fluid that is around the incision site and not the implant. Many times it may require the wound to be explored and make sure it is not a more severe infection. Often it is a suture that has become infected and needs to be removed. The solution may be to either remove the suture and the problem is solved or it may require that the wound be left open and allow it to heal on its own over time with the aid of dressing changes.
8. Fluid collection around the implant - This is most likely a seroma, which is a clear sterile fluid that the body produces as a reaction. This can easily be drained with a needle. This is a benign problem that usually resolves on its own and may not require drainage. Vary rarely will it require more aggressive therapy like drainage, re-operation or sclerosis. However it is important to distinguish this fluid from an infection. An infection is very different and will require the removal of the implant.
9. Bad scaring - This is hardly ever a problem because of the location of the scar. It is in the middle of the sacrum and is very inconspicuous so it is hard to see. Even if you do get a bad scar, it will be hard for anyone to notice. The scar however can itch.
10. Asymmetry, one side of the buttock looks different than the other side - this really is not even a complication since it is part of our normal anatomy to have one side of the body different than the other. When we perform the augmentation, you may become more aware of the differences. If you look at your photos before surgery you will see that the differences exited before.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Mini-Tummy Tuck

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Mini-Tummy Tuck: "What is mini-tummy tuck? A mini-tummy tuck can improve the appearance of excess fat and loose, stretched out skin in the lower abdominal are..."

FAQS About Mini-Tummy Tuck

What is mini-tummy tuck?

A mini-tummy tuck can improve the appearance of excess fat and loose, stretched out skin in the lower abdominal area. This surgical body contouring procedure is effective for men or women whose conditions are not severe enough for full abdominoplasty.
 

How long the procedure does it takes?

                                            

About 1 to 2 hours

What will I expect after surgery?

Mini-tummy tuck patients will need to wear a compression garment during the healing period, which may last about two to three weeks after surgery. This procedure has a shorter recovery time than the full tummy tuck; sutures should be removed in

a few weeks. Return to work: 1 to 3 weeks. Return to light activity: within 2-3 days. Avoid strenuous activity: about 1 month

What are the risk and possible complication?

Temporary swelling, discomfort, and numbness, Long-lasting; weight fluctuation or pregnancy may affect results.

How is surgery performed?

During mini-abdominoplasty, your surgeon will make a small incision directly above the pubic region. He or she will cut away loose skin and may perform liposuction in conjunction to remove excess fat. As compared to a full tummy tuck, the belly button should not have to be repositioned. The incisions are closed with small sutures and small drains are usually inserted to eliminate fluid buildup. Elastic bandages are then applied to the area and secured

What type of anesthesia used?

Local, Local with sedation and general

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Breast Capsulectomy

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Breast Capsulectomy: "Who should consider breast capsulectomy surgery? If you have developed capsular contracture then you will require this surgery. Capsular con..."

FAQS About Breast Capsulectomy

Who should consider breast capsulectomy surgery?

If you have developed capsular contracture then you will require this surgery. Capsular contracture is where the capsule surrounding the breast implants tightens, which can cause pain or a misshapen breast.
This scar tissue or capsule is a normal bodily response but become s problem if it thickens over a period of time. This thickening increases to the point where it contracts hence the name capsular contracture. It becomes hard and round which affects the shape of the implant. It can become so thick that you can actually feel the wall of scar tissue.
There are four types of capsular contracture which are allocated a ‘Baker grading’. These are:

• Grade 1 – the breast appears to be as normal (soft and natural looking).
• Grade 2 – the breast is normal looking but it is a little firm.
• Grade 3 – the breast looks abnormal and firm to the touch.
• Grade 4 – the worst case scenario. The breast is rigid, firm and looks abnormal. 

Can breast capsulectomy surgery be prevented?

This is always a risk but there are certain things you can do to reduce the risk. These are:

• Post-surgery massage. It is a good idea to massage the breasts but it is only recommended for those women who have had smooth implants. See the ‘breast implant’ section ( ) on the different types of implants.
• Wear a compression bra. This works well especially if combined with compression exercises.
• Take Vitamin E (orally). This vitamin improves the skin and so may do the same with scar tissue.
• Choose textured implants which prevent hard capsules from forming.
• Take a specific nutritional supplement but check with your surgeon first.

Who is not suitable for breast capsulectomy surgery?

If you are under 18 then you may be considered too young for this procedure. However, exceptions are made for girls aged 16 or 17 and you may be one of these. Your age and your reasons for this surgery will be discussed with your surgeon.

What do I have to do before breast capsulectomy surgery?

If you are satisfied with everything your surgeon has told you and have agreed to surgery you will then have to prepare for this surgery.
This will be familiar to you as you have undergone cosmetic surgery before. If you need to refresh your memory then have a look at our Breast Augmentation FAQs section. As this problem is linked to breast augmentation then this is a good place for that information.
That section contains advice on what preparations you need to do beforehand. This includes asking someone to help you during your first few days at home, arranging time off work, ensuring you have enough painkillers and medications (if required) and what to do if something goes wrong.
If you smoke then you will have to stop two weeks before surgery. You will also have to refrain from smoking for at least two weeks after surgery. It would be better if you could stop altogether and if you need any help with this then your surgeon can recommend a smoking cessation programmed.
We do recognize that this can be difficult and takes time so as long as you can manage not to smoke either before or after, then that will help. You will also find that your surgeon will not perform this procedure if you are still smoking.
If you have any allergies then it is important that you mention these. Your surgeon will take a full medical history so please be honest with this.
If you are taking any non-prescriptive medicine such as vitamin supplements, ginseng, evening primrose oil or garlic then you will have to stop taking these. There is evidence to show that these can interfere with the healing process.
If you are taking any prescribed medicine then also mentions these.

What is the breast capsulectomy surgery procedure?

There are two types of surgery: total capsulectomy and sub-total capsulectomy. In the first type, the whole of the capsule is removed and the breast implant is replaced with a new one. The sub-total capsulectomy involves the partial removal of the capsule, but only if the implant has not broken or moved. Either way, the implant will probably be removed. The idea is to remove the troublesome capsule and insert a new implant which will last longer than the previous one. Your surgeon has several options open to him/her regarding the incision and positioning of the implant. This will depend on your body type and personal recommendations. Your surgeon will break open the scar tissue of the capsule which releases the tension, and remove this.  He/she will then make an incision is either the crease underneath the breast, the armpit or the edge of the areola. This is where the new implant will be inserted.
The incisions are then closed with fine stitches which are either dissolvable or non-dissolvable ones. He/she will place tapes over the stitches for additional support. A light dressing will also be put in place.
This surgery takes around 1.5 hours to 3 hours to perform and is usually done under a general anesthetic. It usually means an overnight stay in hospital although in some cases, it can be done as day surgery. It is more complex than breast augmentation surgery.
Be aware that there is always the risk of this hardening occurring again.

What will happen after my breast capsulectomy surgery?

You will be taken to a recovery room following your surgery. Your progress will be carefully monitored by highly trained medical staff which includes checking your pulse and heart rate at regular intervals. As soon as they are happy with your condition you will be taken back to your room.
Once there a nurse will check your blood pressure and other vital signs. He/she will also check the condition of your surgical wounds. Surgical drains (small tubes) may still be in place. Don’t worry, these are temporary only and are only there to remove excess fluids.
You will be encouraged to get up and move around as soon as you can. This is to prevent blood clots forming in the legs which can be dangerous.
Your breasts will feel sore and bruised. You will be tired and out of sorts which is a normal reaction to surgery. A general anesthetic can make you feel groggy, nauseous and disorientated for up to 48 hours. Do not drive, operate any machinery or make any important decisions during that time.
You will have some pain but this can be controlled with pain medication.
You will have to wear a special bra for a couple of weeks. You will also have to keep the dressings in place for that time. Make sure they do not get wet. After a couple of weeks, the wounds will be checked and cleaned but until that time, ensure that the dressings stay dry.
There will be scarring and these will have a firm, pink appearance for the next six weeks. Bear in mind that these will stay the same size for several months. It could be two years before they completely fade.
As with other forms of surgery you need to avoid any unnecessary bending, stretching or physical activity. You should get plenty of rest although you may be able to do some light activities after a couple of days.
You can return to work after a couple of days.
Do not undertake any sports or other physical activities for at least 7 to 10 days. You are looking, on average, at two weeks for a full recovery.

What are the benefits of breast capsulectomy surgery?

The main benefits are release of the unpleasant constriction of the breast implant caused by the capsules. Plus, the insertion of a new implant to replace the affected one will ensure a more natural looking appearance.
You will feel more confident and self-assured about your appearance. The breasts will be softer and more natural looking.
As will all cosmetic surgery makes sure you have realistic.

What are the risks of breast capsulectomy surgery?

No surgery is without its risks. This procedure is safe but complications do happen. The main one is the reforming of capsules around the new implants. Capsules are a normal bodily reaction when confronted by a ‘foreign body’ but the danger is that they will increase in size to the point that they constrict or damage the implant.
Other risks include:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• A bad reaction to anesthesia
• A loss of or reduced nipple sensitivity
• Ability to breastfeed is lost or affected
• Capsular contracture could re-occur
• Blood clots
• Nerve injury
• Breast asymmetry
• Problems with the implants themselves, e.g. wrinkling or deflation
• Nipple oversensitivity or under sensitivity
• Shortness of breath or a rapid heartbeat
• Sudden increase in pain

How long does breast capsulectomy surgery last?

This will last for a long period of time. Keep in mind though that capsules always form around breast implants and as long as they do not show any abnormal growth then you will be fine.
There is always the risk of them hardening and thickening but this is much rarer than it used to be.
Breast implants tend to last for around ten years or so you may require further surgery to replace these.

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Mastectomy

FAQS About Cosmetic Surgery: FAQS About Mastectomy: "What is life like after a mastectomy? Women who undergo a breast reconstruction procedure with the mastectomy may find an easier transition ..."

FAQS About Mastectomy

What is life like after a mastectomy?

Women who undergo a breast reconstruction procedure with the mastectomy may find an easier transition back into life after the mastectomy. The breast is reconstructed during the process of the mastectomy, therefore when the patient wakes up from anesthesia, the breast has already been reconstructed. This means the patient never has the shock of seeing her body with one or both of the breasts missing.

However, women who are not eligible for an immediate breast reconstruction may find life after a mastectomy procedure to be troubling. This is because they will have to cope with the loss of the breast and may feel as though they are deformed. Additionally, the patient will have to either use clothing to mask the signs of the mastectomy or deal with the obvious signs that their breast is missing.

What is a bilateral mastectomy?

A bilateral mastectomy is a procedure to remove the breast tissue in both of the breasts. Removing the tissue in both breasts may be necessary because cancerous cells exist in both of the breasts or it may be useful as a preventive measure. When breast cancer is detected, the doctor and the patient may make the decision to undergo a mastectomy instead of other treatment methods. A mastectomy is recommended as the preferred treatment method in a number of different situations. Some of these situations include pregnant women in the first or second trimester of the pregnancy, widespread tumors which encompass the majority of the breast tissue, multiple tumors located in different parts of the breast, failed previous radiation treatments, a strong family history of breast cancer, a gene mutation which carries a risk of developing breast cancer again and even living too far away from the nearest radiation treatment center. Patients who fall into one or more of these categories and have evidence of cancer in each of the breasts may be candidates for a bilateral mastectomy.

Even in cases in which cancer is only affecting one of the breasts, a bilateral mastectomy may still be considered. This is called a risk-reducing or prophylactic procedure which means the second breast is being removed as a preventative measure. This is especially common in breast cancer patients who have a strong family history of breast cancer or who carry the gene mutation which puts them at high risk for developing breast cancer again in the future.

What types of post mastectomy treatments are recommended?

Post-mastectomy treatments usually include periodic post-operative appointments with the surgeon to evaluate the recovery progress and the overall results of the procedure. If the mastectomy was performed as a treatment method for cancer, as opposed to a preventive measure, the post-mastectomy treatment regimen may also include a battery of tests to determine whether or not the mastectomy completely eliminated the cancer cells.

A breast reconstruction surgery may also be considered a post-mastectomy treatment option. Many patients who undergo a mastectomy also have a breast reconstruction procedure performed at the same time. This saves the patient the shock of having to see themselves after the breast tissue has been removed. However, it is not always possible for the patient to have the breast reconstruction immediately. This may be because of other health problems such as obesity, high blood pressure or diabetes. In these cases, the patient may have to rectify other health concerns before undergoing a breast reconstruction procedure. Patients may also not be eligible for immediate breast reconstruction surgery if the mastectomy did not remove all of the cancer cells. Finally, some patients may simply opt out of having breast reconstruction surgery performed immediately because they want to focus exclusively on the cancer treatments. Treatment for lymphedema may be necessary after a mastectomy. The lymph nodes under the arm are often removed during a mastectomy. This may result in lymphedema or swelling of the arm. Treatment for lymphedema may include exercise, bandages, the use of an arm pump and diet.

What is the recovery period like for a mastectomy surgery?

Mastectomy recovery may take approximately three to six weeks. Some patients experience symptoms such as slight swelling for up to six months after the procedure is performed.

Compression bandages and drains are usually part of the mastectomy recovery process. Compression bandages are routinely applied to mastectomy patients once the procedure is completed. The patient wears these bandages for one to two weeks before switching to compression garments which serve a similar purpose. Additionally, many mastectomy patients have drains inserted to facilitate the removal of fluids around the surgery site. This helps to prevent complications such as swelling, bleeding and bruising. These drains will be left in until the amount of fluid they are accumulating is minimal. Patients will likely only have to use the drains for one to two weeks after the surgery is completed.

Patients recovering from a mastectomy procedure will likely be able to return to work after approximately one week assuming the work is not physical in nature. The patient may have limitations on physical activities for approximately the first six weeks after the surgery. After this point most patients are fully recovered, although some patients may experience minor swelling that persists for as long as six months.

During mastectomy recovery, patients might undergo psychological treatments. It's likely if the patient is having a difficult time dealing with the loss of the breast. This is common as many women find a mastectomy to be traumatic. This is often true for women who have not had a breast reconstruction surgery.

When is a double mastectomy necessary?

One of the most obvious reasons a double mastectomy may be necessary is when cancer is affecting both of breasts. The doctor may recommend a bilateral mastectomy be performed to eliminate the cancerous cells. However, there are other treatment options available for one or both of the breasts if the cancer is not widely spread and if the patient is not at high risk for developing breast cancer again.

A double mastectomy is sometimes performed even when only one of the breasts is affected by cancer. In these cases, the decision to remove the tissue from both breasts as opposed to only the one containing cancer cells

is largely preventative. Some patients may even have the preventative mastectomy in the absence of cancer. This may include patients who carry a gene mutation that makes them high risk for developing breast cancer

or patients who have a strong family history of breast cancer and want to take measures to avoid developing breast cancer in the future.

What type of scar results from a mastectomy?

Unlike cosmetic procedures, such as a breast augmentation, a mastectomy scar is typically long in length. A mastectomy will usually involve one long incision across the side of the breast to be removed. This allows the surgeon access to the breast to remove the necessary tissue and the lymph nodes under the arm, if necessary. With a bilateral mastectomy, the scarring will likely cover the entire length of the chest to allow for removal of breast tissue on both sides and the lymph nodes under each arm, if necessary.